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arXiv:0911.5689v2 [physics.ao-ph] 4 Aug 2010
Energetics of PCMDI/CMIP3 Climate
Models: Energy Budget and Meridional
Enthalpy Transport
V. Lucarini, Dept. of Meteorology & Dept. of Mathematics
University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Emai l: v.lucarini@reading.ac.uk
F. Ragone, Meteor olog isches Institut, KlimaCampus
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
July 14, 2017
Abstract
We analyze the PCMDI/CMIP3 simulations performed by climate
models (CMs) using pre-industrial and SRESA1B scenarios. Rela-
tively large biases are present for most CMs w hen global en er gy bud -
gets and when the atmospheric, oceanic, and land budgets are consid-
ered. Apparently, the biases do not r esult from transient effects, but
depend on the imperfect closure of the energy cycle in the fluid com-
ponents and on in consistencies over land. Therefore, th e planetary
emission temperature is und er estimated. This m ay explain the CMs’
cold bias. I n the pre-indus trial scenario, CMs agree on the location in
the mid-latitudes of the peaks of the meridional atmospheric enthalpy
transport, while large discrepan cies exist on the intensity. Disagree-
ments on the location and intensity of the oceanic transport peaks are
serious. With incr eased C O
2
concentration, a small poleward shift of
the peak and an increase in the intensity of the atmospher ic transport
of up to 10% are detected in both hemispheres. Instead, most CMs
feature a decrease in the oceanic transport intensity in the northern
hemisphere and an equatorward shift of the peak in both hemispheres.
The Bjerkens compensation mechanism is active both on climatolog-
ical and interannual time scales. The peak of the total meridional
transport is typically around 35
◦
in both hemisph er es and scenarios,
whereas disagreements on the intensity are relevant. With increased
CO
2
concentration, the total transport increases by up to 10%, thus
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